Norman castles

Norman castles are the fortifications built by the Normans, particularly after the conquest of England in 1066.

The earliest were motte-and-bailey designs—an earthen mound topped by a wooden tower, surrounded by an enclosed courtyard.

Later examples were rebuilt in stone, featuring square keeps with thick walls.

These structures served both military defense and political domination, imposing Norman authority on conquered populations: The Norman castles that still dot the English countryside were instruments of occupation.