motherhood penalty
Parenting career cost
The motherhood penalty is the career and earnings disadvantage women face after having children.
Mothers typically earn less, receive fewer promotions, and are perceived as less committed than childless women or fathers—who often experience the opposite effect.
Research shows the motherhood penalty persists even when controlling for work hours and experience.
- wage gapDisparity in earnings
- pay cutReduction in earnings
- childcareSupervision of young ones
- discriminationUnjust differential treatment
- sticky floorSurface that grips shoes
glass ceiling · mommy track · work life balance · parenting · bias · caregiving · breastfeeding · baby bump · maternity leave · family leave · career break · opt-out · second shift · daycare · breadwinner · part-time · resume gap · ambition
motherhood penaltycaregiver support
Assistance for those providing care
mother, motherly, mothering, mothered, mothers, grandmother, godmother, hood, hoods