fake reviews
Purchased praise online
Fake reviews are fabricated or deceptive evaluations of products, services, or businesses, written to mislead potential customers.
They may be positive reviews paid for by the seller, negative reviews planted by competitors, or AI-generated content designed to game recommendation algorithms.
The practice has spawned an industry of review farms and detection services: The restaurant's five-star rating collapsed after the platform purged fake reviews.
- astroturfingDisguised sponsored advocacy
- shillsPaid fake endorsers
- botsAutomated software agents
- click farmsFraudulent engagement operations
- paidGave money owed
paid endorsements · bought and paid for · manipulation · deceptive · five-star · suspicious · too good to be true · planted · fraudulent · incentivized · misleading · sockpuppets · bogus · testimonials · ratings · Amazon · Yelp · verified
- ad rulesad disclosure, false advertising, ad ban, deceptive ads, misleading labels
- Shopping Mistakesimpulse buying, overspending, overbuying, subscription traps, hidden fees
- spamspam, junk mail, spam filter, spam folder, bulk mail
- Consumer Protectionconsumer rights, consumer protection, consumer safety, refunds, buyer protection
- consumer rightsrefund, warranty, repair, returns, replacement
- marketing scamsfalse ads, false promises, greenwashing, clickbait, hidden fees