deindustrialization
Manufacturing sector decline
Deindustrialization is the decline of manufacturing and heavy industry in a region or economy.
Factories close, industrial jobs disappear, and the economic base shifts toward services or other sectors.
The term often carries connotations of urban decay, job loss, and social disruption: Deindustrialization hollowed out the Rust Belt.
The process may result from automation, globalization, or deliberate policy choices.
Plant disease causing decay
- abandonmentAct of leaving permanently
- derelictionAbandonment of duty
- disinvestmentWithdrawing capital from assets
- vacancyUnoccupied space or position
brownfields · population loss · depopulation · urban renewal · demolition · neighborhood decline
Third-party task delegation
- offshoringMoving work overseas
- free trade agreementsTreaties lowering barriers between nations
- global supply chainWorldwide network moving goods
- tariff reductionDecrease in import taxes
World Trade Organization · multinational corporations · comparative advantage · neoliberalism · economic restructuring · market expansion · trade deficit · cheap labor
Being without paid work
- layoffsMass job eliminations
- joblessnessState without paid work
- factory closuresManufacturing facilities ending operations
- workforce reductionCutting employee headcount
blue-collar · retraining · underemployment · manufacturing decline · redundancy · downsizing · severance · displaced workers
Michigan automotive hub
- PittsburghWestern Pennsylvania industrial city
- ClevelandNortheast Ohio metropolis
- GaryMasculine given name
- YoungstownNortheastern Ohio industrial city
Buffalo · Akron · Toledo · Bethlehem · steel mills · foundries · smokestacks · Great Lakes
Automaton design field
- mechanizationConverting to machine operation
- artificial intelligenceMachines mimicking human thought
- machine learningAlgorithms that improve from data
- computerizationAdopting digital systems
blight
Plant disease causing decay
- abandonmentAct of leaving permanently
- derelictionAbandonment of duty
- disinvestmentWithdrawing capital from assets
vacancy · brownfields · population loss · depopulation · urban renewal · demolition · neighborhood decline
outsourcing
Third-party task delegation
- offshoringMoving work overseas
- free trade agreementsTreaties lowering barriers between nations
- global supply chainWorldwide network moving goods
tariff reduction · World Trade Organization · multinational corporations · comparative advantage · neoliberalism · economic restructuring · market expansion · trade deficit · cheap labor · relocation
unemployment
Being without paid work
- layoffsMass job eliminations
- joblessnessState without paid work
- factory closuresManufacturing facilities ending operations
workforce reduction · blue-collar · retraining · underemployment · manufacturing decline · redundancy · downsizing · severance · displaced workers · job losses
Detroit
Michigan automotive hub
- PittsburghWestern Pennsylvania industrial city
- ClevelandNortheast Ohio metropolis
- GaryMasculine given name
Youngstown · Buffalo · Akron · Toledo · Bethlehem · steel mills · foundries · smokestacks · Great Lakes · factory towns
robotics
Automaton design field
- mechanizationConverting to machine operation
- artificial intelligenceMachines mimicking human thought
- machine learningAlgorithms that improve from data
computerization · productivity gains · smart factories · efficiency gains
- industrial declinefactory closures, factory closure, plant shutdowns, plant shutdown, manufacturing decline
- post-industrialservice economy, knowledge economy, service sector, information age, knowledge workers
- Rust BeltDetroit, Cleveland, Pittsburgh, Gary, Youngstown
- Thatcher EraMargaret Thatcher, Thatcher, Iron Lady, monetarism, poll tax
- urbanizationcity, urban growth, metropolis, urban sprawl, suburbanization
- RuhrEssen, Dortmund, Krupp, coal mines, coal miners
deindustrializationindustrialization
Transition to factory-based economy
reindustrialization · industrial growth · industrial development · manufacturing boom · economic growth
deindustrializationindustrialization
Transition to factory-based economy
industrial revolution · industrialism · modernization · economic development · mechanization
deindustrializationindustrial policy
Government guidance of production
import substitution · protectionism · mercantilism · economic nationalism · reshoring
industry, industrial, industrious, industriousness, industrialization, industrialize, postindustrial, deindustrialize, reindustrialize