congeners
Same-family chemical compounds
Congeners are things of the same kind, type, or origin.
In chemistry and distilling, congeners are the chemical compounds other than ethanol produced during fermentation—fusel oils, esters, and aldehydes that give spirits their distinctive flavors and contribute to hangovers: Darker liquors have more congeners than vodka.
In biology, congeners are species within the same genus.
The word appears in any context where you're grouping related things: Bourbon and its congeners.
Toxic one-carbon alcohol
- ethanolDrinkable volatile spirit
- propanolThree-carbon hydroxyl compound
- butanolFour-carbon alcohol solvent
- acetaldehydeSimplest two-carbon aldehyde
esters · aldehydes · ketones · tannins · fermentation · distillation · impurities · byproducts
Relations by blood
- relativesThose connected by blood
- bloodlineAncestry through generations
- lineageDescent from progenitors
- ancestryFamily line of descent
clan · tribe · family · descendants · heritage · kinfolk · forebears · parentage
Finest taxonomic rank
- related speciesOrganisms sharing ancestry
- classificationSystematic grouping by traits
- phylogenyEvolutionary relationships among organisms
- cladisticsClassification by common descent
systematics · nomenclature · binomial · monophyletic · lineage · common ancestor · speciation · morphology
methanol
Toxic one-carbon alcohol
- ethanolDrinkable volatile spirit
- propanolThree-carbon hydroxyl compound
- butanolFour-carbon alcohol solvent
acetaldehyde · esters · aldehydes · ketones · tannins · fermentation · distillation · impurities · byproducts · volatiles
kindred
Relations by blood
- relativesThose connected by blood
- bloodlineAncestry through generations
- lineageDescent from progenitors
ancestry · clan · tribe · family · descendants · heritage · kinfolk · forebears · parentage · consanguinity
species
Finest taxonomic rank
- related speciesOrganisms sharing ancestry
- classificationSystematic grouping by traits
- phylogenyEvolutionary relationships among organisms
cladistics · systematics · nomenclature · binomial · monophyletic · lineage · common ancestor · speciation · morphology · evolutionary
congenersstrangers
People unknown to you
aliens · non-relatives · foreign substances · foreigners · outsiders