congener

Same family member

A congener is something of the same kind, type, or origin as another.

In biology, congeners are organisms belonging to the same genus—species that share a close evolutionary relationship.

In chemistry, congeners are compounds with similar structures or derived from the same source; in alcoholic beverages, congeners are trace chemicals produced during fermentation that contribute to flavor and hangovers.

Bourbon has more congeners than vodka, which is why it causes worse hangovers.

taxonomy

species

Finest taxonomic rank

subspeciesTaxonomic rank beneath species
classificationSystematic grouping by traits
phylogenyEvolutionary relationships among organisms

systematics · cladistics · nomenclature · binomial · related species · clade · lineage · ancestor · descendant · evolutionary

chemistry

compound

Combined into one

moleculeBonded atomic group
byproductSecondary outcome of production
impuritySubstance degrading another's quality

trace · contaminant · synthesis · organic · reaction · derivative · isomer · analogue · metabolite · precursor

similarity

counterpart

Corresponding person or thing

analogueSomething functionally similar
equivalentSame in value or function
parallelEquidistant at all points

kindred · related · corresponding · allied · affiliated · akin · homologous · cognate · comparable · match

alcohol

fermentation

Microbial sugar conversion

distillationPurification via vaporization
whiskeyOak-aged grain spirit
brandySpirit from fermented fruit

wine · beer · rum · bourbon · scotch · vodka · ethanol · methanol · propanol · butanol

Opposites

relatedness/kinship

congeneralien

Non-native being

stranger · foreigner · outsider · non-relative · foreign body

taxonomic/biological relatedness

congenerforeign species

alien species · non-relative · outgroup · stranger

chemical/substance relatedness

congenercontaminant

Substance that pollutes

adulterant

Family

congenial

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