sociolinguistic
Concerning speech communities
Sociolinguistic describes the relationship between language and society—how social factors like class, ethnicity, gender, and region shape the way people speak: sociolinguistic research, sociolinguistic variation.
The field examines why people code-switch, why some dialects carry prestige while others face stigma, and how language both reflects and reinforces social structures.
Regional language variety
- accentRegional speech pattern
- registerRecord officially; vocal range
- vernacularEveryday regional speech
- pidginImprovised contact language
creole · slang · jargon · idiolect · sociolect · diglossia · code-switching · style-shifting
Research conducted on location
- ethnographySystematic study of peoples
- dialectologyStudy of regional speech differences
- informantOne who provides intelligence
- transcriptionWritten version of speech
Courteous, respectful conduct
- face-savingProtecting one's dignity
- turn-takingAlternating speaker roles
- accommodationShelter or housing provided
- convergenceProcess of approaching sameness
divergence · honorifics · backchannel · repair · interlocutor · pragmatics · indirectness · formality
Of language-tied peoples
- ingroupExclusive social circle
- outgroupNon-members of one's group
- mother-tongueLanguage acquired from birth
- native-speakerOne fluent from birth
dialect
Regional language variety
- accentRegional speech pattern
- registerRecord officially; vocal range
- vernacularEveryday regional speech
pidgin · creole · slang · jargon · idiolect · sociolect · diglossia · code-switching · style-shifting · hypercorrection
fieldwork
Research conducted on location
- ethnographySystematic study of peoples
- dialectologyStudy of regional speech differences
- informantOne who provides intelligence
politeness
Courteous, respectful conduct
- face-savingProtecting one's dignity
- turn-takingAlternating speaker roles
- accommodationShelter or housing provided
convergence · divergence · honorifics · backchannel · repair · interlocutor · pragmatics · indirectness · formality · deference
ethnolinguistic
Of language-tied peoples
- ingroupExclusive social circle
- outgroupNon-members of one's group
- mother-tongueLanguage acquired from birth
orthography
Standard writing conventions
sociolinguisticasocial
Avoiding interaction with others
context-free · decontextualized · formalist · grammatical · structural