middens
Ancient refuse piles
Middens are accumulations of refuse and debris, particularly those left by human settlements.
In archaeology, the term most often refers to ancient garbage heaps—shell middens along coastlines contain layers of discarded shells, bones, and artifacts that reveal how past peoples lived and ate.
The word can also describe any heap of dung or waste material.
Excavation of the kitchen midden yielded pottery shards dating back three thousand years.
Act of unearthing
- stratigraphyStudy of rock layers
- artifactsHuman-made historical objects
- potsherdsFragments of broken ceramics
- ceramicsHardened clay objects
lithics · sediments · trenches · carbon-dating · chronology · preservation
excavation
Act of unearthing
- stratigraphyStudy of rock layers
- artifactsHuman-made historical objects
- potsherdsFragments of broken ceramics
ceramics · lithics · sediments · trenches · carbon-dating · chronology · preservation
middensburial sites
Places for interring remains
tombs · graves · mausoleums · sepulchers · catacombs
middenstreasure troves
Collections of valuable finds
treasure hoards · caches · vaults · treasuries · hoards
middensarchives
Stored historical documents
storehouses · granaries · warehouses · pantries · larders