hidden variable

Unseen causal element

A hidden variable is a factor or quantity that influences outcomes but isn't directly observed or measured.

The term appears most often in physics, where hidden variable theories propose that quantum mechanics is incomplete and that unobserved variables might explain seemingly random quantum behavior.

In statistics and research, hidden variables are unaccounted-for factors that may distort apparent relationships between measured variables.

The correlation disappeared once we controlled for the hidden variable of income level.

Related

under the hood · missing piece · determinism · smoking gun · probabilistic · quantum mechanics · epistemology · completeness · virtual particle · dark matter · measurement problem · subconscious mind · Schrödinger's cat · causality · metaphysics · implicit bias · unknown unknown · decoherence

Opposites
theoretical framework (quantum mechanics)

hidden variableCopenhagen interpretation

Standard quantum measurement theory

wavefunction · quantum state · superposition

statistical/causal role

hidden variabledependent variable

Outcome being measured

independent variable · control variable

Family

hidden, hide, hides, hiding, hider, hiders, unhidden, variable, vary

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