author-date
In-text reference format
Author-date is a citation style that identifies sources by the author's surname and publication year, typically in parentheses within the text: (Smith 2019).
The format allows readers to locate full references in an alphabetical bibliography.
Also called parenthetical citation, it dominates academic writing in the sciences and social sciences.
Set off by punctuation
- referenceDirecting attention elsewhere
- HarvardPrestigious Cambridge university
- APAPsychology organization's format
- ChicagoMajor Illinois metropolis
bibliography · source · citation style · academic writing · scholarly · surname · year · page number
Curved enclosing punctuation marks
- commaPunctuation marking pauses
- semicolonPunctuation joining related clauses
- ampersandSymbol for "and"
- et al.Latin for "and others"
pagination · alphabetical · reference list · hanging indent · italics · title case · DOI · URL
parenthetical
Set off by punctuation
- referenceDirecting attention elsewhere
- HarvardPrestigious Cambridge university
- APAPsychology organization's format
Chicago · bibliography · source · citation style · academic writing · scholarly · surname · year · page number · et al.
parentheses
Curved enclosing punctuation marks
- commaPunctuation marking pauses
- semicolonPunctuation joining related clauses
- ampersandSymbol for "and"
et al. · pagination · alphabetical · reference list · hanging indent · italics · title case · DOI · URL · edition
author, date, authors, authored, authoring, authorship, authority, authorize, authorized