agricultural societies
Settled farming communities
Agricultural societies are human communities whose primary subsistence comes from cultivating crops and raising livestock rather than hunting, gathering, or foraging.
The shift to agriculture, beginning around 10,000 years ago, enabled permanent settlements, population growth, and social stratification.
In anthropology and sociology, agricultural societies occupy a stage between hunter-gatherer bands and industrial civilizations: Agricultural societies developed writing, cities, and complex governments.
- agrarianismDoctrine valuing farm life
- farmer cooperativesJointly owned agricultural businesses
- rural traditionsInherited practices of countryside communities
- barn raisingCollective agricultural structure assembly
- crop rotationAlternating field plantings yearly
family farm · growing season · crop failure · cooperative farming · seed banks · irrigation systems · regenerative farming · soil conservation · subsistence farming · field hands · cash crops · land stewardship · land reform · county fair · village commons · common land · organic farming · local markets
- farming historypeasant farming, crop rotation, enclosures, manorialism, threshing machine
- learned societiesnational academy, IEEE, Phi Beta Kappa
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