academic references

Bibliography of sources

Academic references are citations to scholarly sources—journal articles, books, dissertations—that support claims in research writing.

They also mean the names of professors or advisors who can vouch for a student's or researcher's qualifications: Her application included three academic references.

The term covers both the sources you cite and the people who recommend you.

Related
  • APAPsychology organization's format
  • AMAAcronym for openness
  • bibliographyList of cited works
  • footnotesMarginal citations below text
  • DOIPersistent scholarly identifier

in-text citation · page number · author name · et al · scholarly article · citation · MLA · paraphrase · Chicago · IEEE · Google Scholar · curriculum vitae · sources · peer-reviewed · plagiarism · credentials · journals · primary source

Opposites
source type

academic referencescharacter references

Attestations of someone's qualities

self-references

credibility/rigor

academic referencesanecdotal evidence

Support from individual accounts

blog posts · hearsay · opinion pieces

formality of recommendation

academic referencesword-of-mouth

Information shared through conversation

Family

refer, academic, reference, references, academia, academician

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