mutualists
Both species benefit
Mutualists are organisms that benefit from a relationship with another species while also providing benefit in return—bees pollinating flowers while gathering nectar, or bacteria aiding digestion in exchange for habitat.
In political theory, mutualists advocate a form of anarchism based on reciprocal exchange and voluntary cooperation rather than capitalism or state socialism.
Interspecies biological interdependence
- pollinationFlower reproductive transfer
- lichenSymbiotic rock dweller
- microbiomeBody's microbial community
- commensalismNeutral host, benefiting guest
interspecies · biotic · ecosystem · biodiversity · flora · fauna · habitat · oxpecker
Shared business arrangement
- collaborationJoint intellectual work
- allianceFormal union of parties
- reciprocityMutual exchange of actions
- interdependenceReciprocal reliance between entities
solidarity · coalition · networking · sharing · teamwork · consortium · affiliation · confederacy
Philosophy rejecting state authority
- federalismDivided governmental authority system
- self-managementGoverning oneself independently
- decentralizationDistributing power from center
- voluntaryDone by choice
autonomy · cooperativism · grassroots · communes · collectivism
symbiosis
Interspecies biological interdependence
- pollinationFlower reproductive transfer
- lichenSymbiotic rock dweller
- microbiomeBody's microbial community
commensalism · interspecies · biotic · ecosystem · biodiversity · flora · fauna · habitat · oxpecker · legume
partnership
Shared business arrangement
- collaborationJoint intellectual work
- allianceFormal union of parties
- reciprocityMutual exchange of actions
interdependence · solidarity · coalition · networking · sharing · teamwork · consortium · affiliation · confederacy · comradeship
anarchism
Philosophy rejecting state authority
- federalismDivided governmental authority system
- self-managementGoverning oneself independently
- decentralizationDistributing power from center
voluntary · autonomy · cooperativism · grassroots · communes · collectivism
mutualistsparasites
Organisms feeding off hosts
predators · competitors · pathogens · exploiters · cheaters
mutualistsstatists
Advocates for government authority
capitalists · authoritarians · monopolists · centralists · collectivists