forest ecosystem
Wooded biological community
A forest ecosystem is the community of living organisms—trees, plants, animals, fungi, microorganisms—interacting with each other and their physical environment within a forested area.
The term emphasizes interdependence: nutrients cycle through soil and organisms, species depend on each other for food and shelter, and the canopy shapes conditions below.
Logging disrupted the forest ecosystem for decades.
- treesWoody plants with trunks
- tree canopyUpper forest layer
- shrubsLow woody plants
- deforestationLarge-scale woodland elimination
- tropical rainforestHumid equatorial biome with dense vegetation
old growth · photosynthesis · symbiosis · fungi · decomposition · seed dispersal · keystone species · endemic species · soil · canopy · mycorrhizae · ecological niche · ferns · biodiversity · food web · food chain · pollination · carbon
- Primeval Forestancient woodland, ancient trees, old-growth trees, ancient oaks, beech
- Balkan natureAdriatic Sea, Black Sea, Danube River, karst
- old-growth forestsold-growth, old growth, ancient woodland, ancient trees, old-growth trees
- mycorrhizaemycorrhizae, mantle
forest ecosystemdesert ecosystem
Arid region's living community
polar desert · desert · steppe · marine ecosystem · sand dunes
forest ecosystemurban environment
Built-up populated area
cityscape · industrial zone · concrete jungle · parking lot · suburban sprawl